Establishing criteria for smart retrofitting decision-making for buildings

Abstract Buildings are among the largest sources of carbon emissions, so their owners have been compelled to set stringent sustainability goals in response global call for neutrality. Consequently, facility managers pressed make buildings smarter through adopting greater value-for-money solutions. Besides implementation traditional energy-saving measures, retrofitting with smart building (SB) features, known as ‘smart retrofitting’ (SR), has become a growing trend. However, there is still no appropriate criteria making decisions on SR. To fill this void, study was undertaken, where four-tier hierarchical framework SR decision-making established after thorough literature search Web Science database followed by an in-depth qualitative review and focus group discussion. A total 32 were identified, which fall into five categories: (1) Financial; (2) Technical; (3) Human; (4) Environmental; (5) Legal, safety, security. key finding that it not merely post-retrofit performance but also process itself plays important part decision-making. The identified demonstrate ‘smartness’ encompasses only ‘energy efficiency’ vast array other technical social factors. broad scope portrayed criteria, needs be considered holistically, provides guidance decisions. Future works refining outlined.